Combined Effects of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Maize and Soil Nutrient Availability

The excessive application of mineral fertilizers in maize cultivation leads to progressive soil contamination the long term and increases cost production. An alternative reduce over-fertilization is perform a partial replacement with microbes that promote nutrition growth, such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). A pot experiment which was followed by two field experiments performed without indigenous AMF combination five nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilization rates (100% NPK = N120P60K60; 75% N90P45K45; 50% N60P30K30; 25% N30P15K15; control N0P0K0). objective investigate whether mycorrhizal fungi inoculum combined can provide higher yields soil-available N, P, K than chemical alone. greenhouse results showed treatment significantly increased plant’s root colonization, leaf chlorophyll content, tissue content. from conditions there highly significant yield after + NPK. study also revealed inoculation available N P concentrations when it dose. This suggests fields AM fertilizer half, while improving chemistry. suggested be used integrated fertility management strategies.